domingo, 27 de enero de 2019

January 28, 2019


______________________________________________________________________________
Kudos
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
  • We have a new staff member joining our team for the next semester!  Her name is Shelly Svoboda and she is a student teacher coming from UW-Whitewater to student teach with Dawn Salbrieter.  We are excited to have you in our building for you to learn from us and for us to learn from you!  Kudos, also, to Dawn for paying it forward and assisting a future educator!  
  • When you see Bella Longoria thank her for coming in these past few weeks to fill our open position.  Bella has done a great job filling the necessary shoes from one day to the next.  Bella's last day is this Friday and then she goes back to school!  
  • When you see Margaret Starzyk please thank her for assisting with filling our open position once Bella goes back to school.  Margaret has willingly taking our open position for most of the rest of the school year in the event we do not find a replacement.  So... when you see her please tell her thank you as it assists with some consistency with our students!  

Article of the week: 

Voices: The Teacher / Helping Kids Believe in Themselves

Michael A. Rousell
By the time Cathy reached 4th grade, she had become discouraged. She felt like the dumb kid in class. Everything she did in school reminded her that she was a failure.
But with the new school year came a new teacher. One day during some difficult seat-work, Cathy began to sob; she told the teacher how frustrating school was. The teacher took her aside and said something that she would remember vividly for the rest of her life: "Someone who struggles so hard with school will make a great teacher. You would make a great teacher." Cathy was shocked.
Outside, the change didn't seem so dramatic, but inside her world had changed. Schoolwork was now a rocky pathway on her way to becoming a teacher—a teacher who helped students like herself. Sixteen years later she graduated with a teacher's degree and glowing recommendations.
How we view ourselves and how we view the world around us are two of the most important factors in our development. Students who see themselves as persecuted will probably experience the classroom as oppressive. Students who view themselves as competitors will probably experience the world as challenging. A personal view of conqueror yields a world view of spoils.
It is equally true that how we experience the world can affect how we experience ourselves. Although one factor might be said to generate the other, Piaget believed, as do I, that they co-evolve. As the story goes, there is good news and bad news. The bad news is that a view of the self and a world view tend to affirm each other in an endless cycle. The good news is that a change in one view will often initiate a complementary change in the other. Cathy initially experienced herself as dumb, viewing success in school as hopelessly elusive. After the teacher's intervention, she saw herself romantically as a struggling teacher, viewing school success as an achievable goal.
Most classrooms have several students who view school as oppressive, useless, or too difficult. They typically respond with little effort. Why try if you're just going to fail? In the past, we called these children lazy; now we call them discouraged underachievers. Examples of high achievers are equally clear. Students who see themselves as academic successes will view classrooms as opportunities to excel and will usually work diligently to become successful.
Most of our training teaches us how to maximize the learning situation by manipulating the instructional environment: creative lessons, state-of-the-art teaching strategies, compelling supplementary materials, and vigorous management techniques. We learn a great deal about creating the optimal learning environment, but in spite of our best efforts, we often feel ineffective. We look at a great many of our students and say things like "I know she can do it if she would only try" or "He has so much ability, but I just can't seem to get through."
Intuitively we know that something is lacking in our teacher training, and intuitively we also know that it is something that can't be taught. We can only hope that those attracted to the teaching profession already have "it."
We have difficulty describing what "it" is, but we know the teachers who have it when we see them. We hope that our own children are lucky enough to be in their classes. To a large degree, young students' identities are still being developed; how they see themselves has not quite crystallized. Children will usually see themselves as reflections of powerful adults in their lives, and who is more powerful to a child than a teacher?
I've studied student influence for six years and collected hundreds of stories and identified several beliefs that the best teachers hold. 
  • Failure is really just feedback. The best teachers remember that inherent in every failure is a lesson on improvement or change. High achievers have confidence in their ability to learn. All learners experience frustration, and the great ones probably more so. Failures do not incapacitate achievers because they hold the belief that failure is a step in the process of learning.
  • Teachers wield tremendous influence. A careless comment ascribed to a child's character may create a life-long result. If such a comment is made during a moment of weakness, the teacher addresses it immediately, disqualifies it, and recasts it as a neutral or positive comment. For example, 
    I'd like to talk with you for a moment, Wade. Earlier today I said, "You never pay attention when I'm talking to you. All you ever do is goof around." [Addressed as soon as possible.] I'm sorry for saying that. Clearly I was wrong. [Disqualify statement.] Obviously you pay attention to things that interest you. I see you are paying close attention to me now—Thank you. [Recast] I snapped at you because I was frustrated.
  • The child is not the problem. Recurring patterns of problematic behaviors usually indicate that children have an unfavorable interpretation of themselves or the world in general. What the teacher interprets as problem behavior, the child often applies as a solution. 
    Jordan is easily angered, produces violent outbursts, and frightens other children. The teacher and the other students see Jordan's anger as the problem—Jordan regards his anger as the solution. His parents were abusive, and he was frequently picked on by classmates when he was younger. Jordan's anger acts as a barrier to keep others from hurting him again. Attempts to correct his anger will result in resistance because Jordan uses his anger as an ally.
    Effective change must focus on the child's understanding of his or her world, not the adult's.
  • Children have all the resources they need to solve their own problems. Changes in behavior, self-esteem, motivation, or the development of a skill result from changes in how children view themselves and the world they live in. What one child sees as a stumbling block, another sees as an opportunity. What one child sees as insurmountable odds, another sees as the ultimate challenge. Children have immense potential. Our job is to note their resources and enlist them to help in restructuring a constructive model of the world.
  • Understanding the essence of a behavior is useful. Even violent behavior can be enlisted as a positive resource (for example, taking control, willing to respond authoritatively, quick action, refusing to be victimized). Ask yourself in what context would the essence of a particular behavior have value? For example, "Your refusal to be victimized will help you be more tolerant of people as you grow older." This comment has a good chance of reducing future outbursts because it validates the child's experience and orients him or her toward a more fulfilling future. To the shy or withdrawn child: "Your ability to examine situations carefully prepares you to work with others."
  • We must build from strengths, not from weaknesses. Focusing on weaknesses fosters anxiety and promotes feelings of helplessness. Discouraged children find it all too easy to not do something; they become masters at avoidance or compulsive perfectionists. Emphasizing strengths keeps children solution-focused, not problem-centered.
  • Children often excel in the most extraordinary ways. Nurture successes, however small, and always be prepared to be pleasantly surprised. Charles Darwin, Thomas Edison, Louis Pasteur, and Leo Tolstoy were all considered poor to average students by their teachers. Our culture promotes a rather narrow perception of intelligence. Once we abandon our restrictive ways, we soon discover that children know a great deal more than we typically give them credit for. Remember that change truly happens in an instant. It is the preparation for change—indecision, reluctance to risk, and self-doubt—that takes so long.
Those who operate from these fundamental assumptions can't help but encourage the children in their care. Think of those who had the most positive influence on your life. Fundamental beliefs like these create high expectations of the self-perpetuating variety. These are the best kind.
______________________________________________________________________________
Information/Reminders
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  • In the event the district decides to cancel school I will send everyone a message once I know anything through our  Remind App.  
    • To sign up please text @247693 to the number 81010
    • You do NOT need to download the Remind App. After you sign up, you will receive messages from Karcher Admin via text message. You can also reply to the number once we send a message, which will only go to admin, not the entire group. This method will be used in emergency situations, drills, or necessary information to communicate with staff.  
  • Reminder to Complete... School Safety Threat Reporting
    • Please disregard if you have taken this assessment.   
    • Wisconsin Act 143 requires that all school district employees complete the online training on the reporting of threats of school violence.  The DPI has developed the training and it is a powerpoint with some questions to be answered.  The training should take you less than 15 minutes to complete.  Here is the training link: https://media.dpi.wi.gov/sspw/av/school-violence/story_html5.html  
    • Most aides have already completed the training with Kathy Merlo on the last in-service day so if you did this training with Kathy you do not need to do it again.  If you did not do the training please do the online version.
    • After you have completed the training it will ask you where to send the email verifying your completion.  
    • If you have any questions please contact Jeanine or one of your colleagues that have completed the short training.

    THIS WEEK: 

  • Monday, January 28 - Eric Burling will be coming over to talk with our 8th grade students about freshmen year scheduling in the auditorium.  Staff will take attendance and then bring your advisory to the auditorium.  Please stay for this presentation so that you can answer questions later if your advisory students ask!  Students will be getting their course books and requests forms at this time.  
    • Freshman Open House is on February 4 - we have informed parents/guardians and have extra handouts about this in the office.  Please encourage students to attend. 
  • Monday, January 28 - BLT Meeting from 2:40 - 3:30 in the conference room! 
  • Tuesday, January 29 - Strings Festival @ 6:30pm
  • Wednesday, January 30 - iReady Training for our academic, special education, and interventionists.  Thank you to all staff for securing your subs for this day!  
    • We will start at 8:10 in the 21st Century lab with 8th grade going first until 11:10.  Then 7th grade will start at 12:00 - 3:00.  Please be on time and have your sub plans set according to this schedule - 8th grade teachers please note, in your plans, where the subs should go after they are done with you.  They will all be taking lunch at 11:24 but then their 5th hour will start at 11:56 in _____ person's room.  
    • Here are the pairings for our subs:  
      • Sturdevant/Hancock
      • S. Rummler/Botsford
      • Geyso/Murphy
      • Jones/Tenhagen
      • Weis/Berezowitz
      • Schmidt/Ferstenou
      • K. Rummler/Smith
      • Stoughton/Jorgenson
      • Riggs/Varnes
        • Riggs.. we will have you attend with 7th in the afternoon
      • Fulton/Thate
      • Ebbers/Zeman
      • Newholm/Bekken
  • Wednesday, January 30 - No PLC due to iReady Training.
  • Thursday, January 31 - Morning Assembly Schedule with 8th grade attending in the auditorium and 7th grade has extended advisory.  
    • Here is the Google Document for the Character Awards as we do not want to double up on any students.  Ideally you are also picking students who have not been student's of the week... looking to pick students who always do the right thing, might be your quiet leaders, etc.   
  • Friday, February 1 - Morning Assembly Schedule with 7th grade attending in the auditorium and 8th grade has extended advisory.  
  • Friday, February 1 - Snow Cone Sale during lunches!!!

Looking ahead:  
  • Tuesday, February 5 & Wednesday, February 6 - PRA User Group Meeting #2  
    • This LINK will show you the schedule for our next User Group meeting with the architects.  The tentative plan is for them to bring a blue print of the initial thoughts of the actual building and discuss with the teams.  
    • Those in BOLD I already put in for two subs for the day... please make sub plans for the period in which you are bolded!  
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    Pictures from the week
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

    Geography Bee took place this week!  Congrats to the below students on a job well done!!!
    Nick Farvour 1st place
    Murphy Diggens 2nd place
    Addie Rauch and Clare Freeburn runner ups



    Students in math class with Ms. Stoughton working together to practice combining like terms!  


    Students in 7th grade science learning about organ systems.  During the unit they engaged in a worm dissection with a mini lesson done first by Ms. Berezowitz or Ms. Hancock and then they transitioned to the worm dissection!  

     








    Students in Ms. Smith's ELA class reading independently while Ms. Smith and Ms. Fulton conferenced with individual students about their winter iReady diagnostic results.  










    domingo, 20 de enero de 2019

    January 21, 2019



    ______________________________________________________________________________
    Kudos
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    • Thank you to Harvey Kandler for all of your time and dedication to Karcher Middle School.  After 20 years of service Harvey has decided to resign from BASD.  When you see Harvey this week thank him for his service and wish him luck in his future endeavors!  
    • Thank you to our staff for your efforts with our winter iReady diagnostic.  We still have a few students needing to complete their winter assessment so be cognizant of noise in the hallways.  
    • Thank you to Karen Gerold for looking through every student's schedule for term 3 in hopes to be proactive for the start of term 3!  Your efforts and time are appreciated!
    • Thank you to Bobbi Smith, Cynthia Orzula, and Stacy Steeples for your understanding as we worked to make adjustments to your schedules this week to meet the needs of our students - we truly appreciate your flexibility and understanding!  
    • Kudos to Mike Jones and Grace Jorgenson for taking some of our students to the Math Meet.  Though it was a tough meet for our students we appreciate that you provide this challenge and opportunity for our students!  
    • Boys basketball wrapped up this week... thank you to Eric Sulik, Kurt Rummler, Mike Jones, and Ryan Hoffman for your time and commitment to our boys basketball program at Karcher! 
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    Information/Reminders
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    • Open Special Education Aide position:  
      • If anyone knows someone looking for a special education role for 5.83 hours please encourage them to apply for our open position!!!
    • Teachers:  Please have your advisory students take a look at their second semester schedules an note changes that are coming up so that they are ready for second semester.  All schedules have been looked at and tweaked but this check also assists to ensure all schedule are complete and accurate as well.  If you notice any issues with any student schedules please email Karen Gerold of what you notice and we will look into it.
      • Also... one thing some students will notice is a "double booked" class period.  If you see this that is "normal" right now.  For example... we have some students who wanted Continuing Spanish but it was full.  So we did put a few students in Advanced Spanish (all year) that only wanted 1st semester Continuing Spanish. We cannot drop Advanced Spanish until grades are posted so these students will look as though they have Advanced Spanish and another elective in their schedule for the same period... this is "normal" for right now.  If they are not sure what is correct please have them see Steve Berezowitz or myself about their schedules.  
        • This is something we will look into adjusting for next school year so we don't have these types of situations in schedules but it is what it is right now!  

      This week: 
    • Monday, January 21 - Staff Meeting in the library 
      • I will be sharing some images of other new buildings to give staff some thoughts and connection to some of what the architects have brought up in the User Group meetings.  All staff are invited to attend.  
    • Monday, January 21 - MTSS District Committee Meeting in our Karcher library from 3:45 - 5:15.  
    • Tuesday, January 22 - End of 2nd Quarter
      • Just a reminder that our comment codes have changed from the 72 that have been in Skyward to the Karcher Learning Habits Rubric.  Please use at least one comment for all of our students... you are welcome to use more than one but please utilize a minimum of one per student.  
        • Click HERE to see the rubric with the 3 digit codes noted with each corresponding comment. 
        • Click HERE to see a list of the codes and descriptions. 
      • The grading window is open and will close on January 25 @ 3:15.
    • Wednesday, January 23 - Full day inservice 
      • Staff will be starting in the BHS auditorium from 8:00 - 9:00 
      • We will then start as a building in the library at 9:30 
        • As a district we are wanting some data behind our work so we have two progress monitoring tools we will be utilizing to assist with knowing where everyone is with Essential Skills and the "I do it" portion of the GRR Model.  Therefore, we will start in the library to work through these and then you will have the rest of the time to work on your Essential Skill work until 11:30.  
      • 12:30 - 4:00 is teacher work time!  
    • Thursday, January 24 - Start of Term 3!  Students may have different electives they are attending for term 3 so please ensure your advisory students know where to go!  
    • Friday, January 25 - Grade posting for term 2 are due by 3:15.  
    Looking ahead:  
    • Monday, January 28 - Eric Burling will be coming over to talk with our 8th grade students about freshmen year scheduling in the auditorium.  Staff will take attendance and then bring your advisory to the auditorium.  Please stay for this presentation so that you can answer questions later if your advisory students ask!  Students will be getting their course books and requests forms at this time.  
      • Freshman Open House is on February 4 - we have informed parents/guardians and have extra handouts about this in the office.  Please encourage students to attend.  
    • Tuesday, January 29 - Strings Festival 
    • Wednesday, January 30 - iReady Training for our academic, special education, and interventionists.  Thank you to all staff for securing your subs for this day!  
      • We will start at 8:10 in the 21st Century lab with 8th grade going first until 11:10.  Then 7th grade will start at 12:00 - 3:00.  Please be on time and have your sub plans set according to this schedule - 8th grade teachers please note, in your plans, where the subs should go after they are done with you.  They will all be taking lunch at 11:24 but then their 5th hour will start at 11:56 in _____ person's room.  
      • Here are the pairings for our subs:  
        • Sturdevant/Hancock
        • S. Rummler/Botsford
        • Geyso/Murphy
        • Jones/Tenhagen
        • Weis/Berezowitz
        • Schmidt/Ferstenou
        • K. Rummler/Smith
        • Stoughton/Jorgenson
        • Riggs/Varnes
          • Riggs.. we will have you attend with 7th in the afternoon
        • Fulton/Thate
        • Ebbers/Zeman
        • Newholm/Bekken
    • Thursday, January 31 - Morning Assembly Schedule with 8th grade attending in the auditorium and 7th grade has extended advisory.  
      • Here is the Google Document for the Character Awards as we do not want to double up on any students.  Ideally you are also picking students who have not been student's of the week... looking to pick students who always do the right thing, might be your quiet leaders, etc.   
    • Friday, February 1 - Morning Assembly Schedule with 7th grade attending in the auditorium and 8th grade has extended advisory.  
      ______________________________________________________________________________
      Pictures from the week
      _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

      Students in Art working on student choice, digital portfolios, or wrapping up their assigned projects!





      Students in your hallways... showing the need for some collaborative space in the new building.


      Students conferring with each other in 7th grade math with Ms. Netteshiem!  

      Students in Ms. Berezowitz's class observing cardiac muscle tissue, lung tissue, bone tissue, and nerve tissue! 



      Students in Ms. Jorgenson's class determining circumference and area.  





      sábado, 12 de enero de 2019

      January 14, 2019

       

      KARCHER STAFF BLOG


      ______________________________________________________________________________
      Kudos
      _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
      • Kudos to Jon Nelson for his assisting this past week, especially since Steve Berezowitz and myself were back and forth with kids home with the flu!  Jon did a great job filling the counselor and admin role while we were out... thank you for being a team player!
      • Kudos to Cynthia Orzula, Bobbi Smith and Chyrstal McVey for your flexibility and assistance this past week when we were short staff!  We truly appreciate your willingness to support any and all of our students!!!  
      ______________________________________________________________________________
      Article this week...
      _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

      This article relates to our SQIDVPAC strategies, Essential Skills and the GRR Model.  

      Reciprocal Teaching at Work: Powerful Strategies and Lessons for Improving Reading Comprehension, 3rd Edition

      by Lori Oczkus

      Chapter 1. The Fab Four: Reciprocal Teaching Strategies


      Article continued from last week...

      Essential Lesson Foundations and Gradual Release

      Simply running through the mechanics of the four reciprocal teaching strategies is not enough to yield maximum growth in reading comprehension. In order to ensure that students internalize the Fab Four and use the strategies on their own, a strong gradual release model is essential (Pearson & Gallagher, 1983). Gradual release of responsibility is a research-based proven process that begins with teacher modeling and think-alouds, is followed by guided cooperative practice with feedback from the teacher and peers, and ends with independent practice and reflection (Fisher & Frey, 2007). The goal is to provide just the right dose of teacher support and know when to let up gradually so students become metacognitive and eventually able to employ the strategies on their own.
      Regie Routman (2008) calls the gradual release model "I do. We do. You do. " We might increase our modeling with more challenging texts and include two "I dos" or increase the guided practice with a few more "we dos." Reciprocal teaching offers opportunities for providing students with plenty of meaningful feedback in every part of the lesson (Hattie, 2008). While modeling, students should talk to partners briefly and discuss their responses. During the guided practice and independent steps, the teacher and other students talk about the text and give one another feedback on ideas and strategy use. The landmark work of famous psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1934/1978) also supports reciprocal teaching discussions. His ideas focus on the importance of learning and social interaction. His well-known quote reinforces what we know about gradual release: "What a child can do in cooperation today, he can do alone tomorrow."
      Gradual release applies to anything you're learning. For example, I attend yoga and carefully observe the teacher as she demonstrates various pretzel-like positions. Then, while I try to copy her models, she talks the class through each move. She circulates during guided practice and gives pointers or pushes a participant's limb further down or up as part of her coaching moves. Finally, we try practicing on our own while she continues circulating to provide feedback or corrections. After each sequence, I reflect on how well—or poorly, which is more often the case—I executed the poses. After a while, I notice that my joint pain is relieved if I attend twice a week. Think of reciprocal teaching like you would any sport or activity. You'll see more improvement the more you practice, especially when someone is giving you meaningful feedback and guidance! Gradual release applies to any learning situation where we watch, receive coaching, and practice on our own.
      To provide teachers with concrete tools for building gradual release with reciprocal teaching, we incorporate the following four instructional foundations (Figure 1.6):
      • Scaffolding
      • Think-alouds
      • Metacognition
      • Cooperative learning

      Figure 1.6. Overview of the Essential Lesson Foundations


      Scaffolding
      • Did the students experience teacher modeling before guided practice?
      • Is there supported guided practice with peers?
      • Are grade level-appropriate visuals and supports (e.g., posters, charts, bookmarks, gestures, strategy starters, prompts) available to cue students to use the strategies?
      • Does the teacher observe students using the reciprocal teaching strategies and give specific feedback to individuals and the group?
      • Does the teacher adjust and plan instruction based on students’ needs?
      • Is the text appropriate for the instruction? Is another needed?
      Think-alouds
      • Did the teacher conduct one or more think-alouds and read aloud from the text?
      • Did the teacher give a specific example(s) of one or more of the strategies and demonstrate his or her thinking?
      • Did the teacher truly model and not just assign the strategies?
      • Were students engaged during the think-aloud? Did they follow along in their copy of the text?
      • Did they talk to partners about the example or annotate the text?
      Metacognition
      • Did the lesson open with a quick review of the reciprocal teaching strategies and their definitions?
      • Did the lesson end with a discussion of how the strategies helped students comprehend the text that day? Did students reflect on their strategy use?
      • During reading, did the teacher and students discuss the "how to" steps for each of the strategies?
      Cooperative learning
      • Did students work in pairs or groups to discuss the Fab Four?
      • Were students required to participate and record their individual responses for accountability, or did they respond as partners or in teams?
      • Did students follow the protocol for discussions, including making eye contact, taking turns, and adding on to one another’s comments?

      In my project schools, we study these four foundations to improve our coaching sessions after classroom demonstrations or observations. When we strengthen the foundations, our lessons go from good to great and student growth soars. Sometimes, just a small adjustment to the lesson delivery makes an enormous difference. Here are some examples of situations where I worked with teachers to improve their lessons using the four foundations.
      One 4th grade teacher did a great job scaffolding her lessons during guided reading groups by providing teacher modeling and giving time to reflect. She posted the strategies and stems for students to see during the lesson. However, she rarely if ever provided opportunities for students to speak to one another. When we discussed her lesson, she realized she was missing the cooperative learning piece and was just calling on individuals. In a later lesson, I observed her asking students to turn and talk to one another to find examples of the strategies in the text. She also taught basic group discussion rules such as making eye contact, taking turns, and piggybacking. Her 4th graders' reading scores shot up, with most jumping two grade levels in just five months! Discussion really does promote comprehension (Lapp, Flood, Ranck-Buhr, Van Dyke, & Spacek, 1997).
      An 8th grade science teacher put students into teams to read articles and textbook chapters together while taking on the roles of predictor, questioner, clarifier, and summarizer. She had complained that students were "stuck" and seemed bored with the process. After observing, I suggested that she model for three to five minutes at the beginning of class using a challenging example and applying one of strategies. Then I told her to check in after the groups met to discuss student examples of the same strategy. Besides making group posters and presentations, each student filled in a four door chart for the chapter or article and used the Fab Four bookmarks to guide their responses and discussions. By providing more explicit teacher modeling while tightening scaffolding and accountability, students participated with more enthusiasm and urgency.
      Keep these building blocks in mind when introducing and extending reciprocal teaching lessons in any setting—from whole-class groupings to literature circles. The four foundations work together in the following ways to make lessons successful:
      • The teacher models using constant think-alouds.
      • Students work in cooperative pairs or teams to practice on their own.
      • The teacher provides the right amount of scaffolding, which might include a language frame or prompt (e.g., "I didn't get … so I …").
      • The lesson includes a sufficient amount of metacognition so students and the teacher can discuss the steps involved in each strategy and identify which one was most helpful.
      When I demonstrate and coach lessons, I ask teachers to watch carefully for each of the foundations that support students as they employ reciprocal teaching strategies. Please note that for each of the four foundations, I've included a classroom example to show how it enhances the reciprocal teaching lessons and—ultimately—comprehension.

      Scaffolding Is the Art of Teaching

      Scaffolding is often considered the skilled "art" of teaching. Before any instruction takes place, we must consider students' strengths and needs. Then we study the required text and standards and consider how to scaffold the lesson to create multiple ways for students to access the material. Scaffolding reading instruction is similar to teaching a child how to ride a bicycle. He or she begins by watching other people ride bicycles to get the idea and motivation. Then a parent or other adult holds on to the bicycle's seat and guides the child for a time. Eventually, the adult lets go of the seat but remains nearby (possibly even running next to the bicycle) in case support is needed. Finally, the child pedals away on his or her own.
      During reciprocal teaching, instruction is clearly scaffolded, or supported. Students see models of the four strategies, experience some "seat holding" as they try out reciprocal teaching in a supported environment, and finally work independently as they read and use reciprocal teaching strategies to help them comprehend the text. Every time students are engaged in reciprocal teaching, they have the opportunity to participate in scaffolded instruction. Modeling, support, and feedback are integral steps of the reciprocal teaching model. Therefore, students are propelled to the next reading level as the support they receive guides them through more difficult texts and reading tasks.
      Concrete scaffolds support students as they try out the strategies. Optional supports, such as characters, props, or hand motions, represent each strategy. Visual scaffolds include icons, bookmarks, and posters with relevant language clearly displayed so students can refer to it as they use the strategies with peers and on their own. These tools also provide you with ways to prompt students as they practice the reciprocal teaching strategies in a variety of texts.
      Classroom Example. Mrs. Valentino reads aloud from a 2nd grade basal text and stops to model her predictions after reading the first page. She uses the strategy frame "I think … because …" and bases her prediction on the events that just occurred in the text. She explains the rationale or evidence for her prediction by rereading a portion of the text and then asks students to turn to a partner and use the frame to discuss predictions and text evidence. She continues modeling, using the strategy frames for clarifying, questioning, and summarizing. When partners work together to practice the strategies, they use their bookmarks and a classroom poster with icons and strategy frames to guide their discussions. (These materials will be discussed in Chapter 2.)
      Scaffolding the Reciprocal Teaching Discussion During Guided Reading (Animal Architects [2012] by Timothy Bradley used with permission from Teacher Created Materials.)

      Think-Alouds Make Comprehension Visible

      Reciprocal teaching was designed as a discussion technique in which think-alouds play an integral part. Think-alouds are a research-based method of improving comprehension (Baumann, Jones, & Seifert-Kessell, 1993; Wilhelm, 2001). Think-alouds show students what a good reader is thinking while reading, which again provides scaffolding toward developing good reading comprehension. In reciprocal teaching lessons, both students and the teacher participate in thinking aloud.
      The steps to reading comprehension are less tangible than, say, the steps to solve a math problem, so this type of instruction may be new to teachers and students alike. Successful reciprocal teaching gives students ongoing opportunities to witness and conduct think-alouds using the four strategies. Teacher modeling in the form of think-alouds should occur every time students engage in reciprocal teaching lessons and should be conducted by the teacher and students, who can take turns verbalizing the use of the strategies. This method allows students to see more clearly the steps to create understanding while reading. Figure 1.7 shows the steps to good think-alouds (Oczkus, 2009).

      Figure 1.7. Think-Aloud Steps


      1. Introduce the strategy.
      • Ask students what they know about the strategy and how it helps them.
      • Define the strategy (e.g., "Questioning is when …") and its importance.
      • Use a prop, such as a toy microphone, for questioning.
      2. Model each strategy with an interactive think-aloud.
      • Think aloud using a specific example from the reading material (e.g., "When I read this, I [predict, question, clarify, summarize]" or "Watch me as I summarize the chapter so far.").
      • Use strategy prompts.
      3. Provide support and guided practice.
      • Guide students to work together on an example of the strategy in the text.
      • Have pairs or teams of students turn and talk and find examples.
      • Circulate to assist and lead a class discussion to share.
      4. Provide independent practice.
      • Have students look for examples to share later with their pairs or groups.
      5. Wrap up.
      • Ask students what they learned about the reading and which strategy helped them the most as they read, predicted, questioned, summarized, and clarified.

      Classroom Example. Mr. Clark's 5th graders pull out their weekly news magazines and prepare to read about earthquakes. Mr. Clark reads aloud the first column of the page-long article and pauses to model his thinking. After asking his students what they know about summarizing, he rereads the text, tells how he selects the important key points, summarizes, and asks students to turn and share a summary with their partner. Mr. Clark continues alternating between modeling aloud and allowing partners to turn and chat about the remaining three strategies: predict, question, and clarify. The students read the rest of the article independently and share questions, words, or sentences to clarify with their partners. To end the lesson, Mr. Clark asks his students to reflect on which strategy helped them the most in understanding earthquakes.

      Build a Metacognitive Sandwich

      Metacognition is the awareness of one's own thinking processes (Brown, 1980). The think-aloud process goes hand in hand with metacognition, as students talk about their thinking and how they use predictions, questions, clarifications, and summaries. As the teacher, you can lead your students by sharing how the strategies have helped you comprehend a given text. Think of comprehension lessons as "metacognitive sandwiches," because you begin the lesson with an objective—such as a minilesson on predicting—and end with a student-led review of how the strategy helped them.
      I find that most students can name the strategy that helped them most during the lesson but find it difficult to describe how or why. When you first ask students to explain how a particular strategy helped them, you will need to provide explanations and assistance. For example, when a student replies that predicting helped him most but can't explain why, you might add, "Predicting helps us stay interested in the text so we keep on reading to see what happens next." Eventually, students will begin to explain their strategy use without as much prompting.
      Another technique I really like to use, especially with elementary-aged students, is to ask, "Which strategy did you like using the most today?" Students tend to answer this one with zeal. For example, one 1st grader told me she liked questioning because we used the toy microphone, it was fun, and it made her feel smart. What could be better than that?
      A discussion rich with metacognitive thinking will include student comments such as these:
      • Prediction helped me the most today because it got me interested in the reading.
      • Clarifying helped me figure out the word citizen. I thought of the word city, and I reread the sentence to see what made sense.
      • Summarizing helped me remember all of the important events in the story.
      • I had to reread the book to get the main idea so I could ask a question.
      Metacognition is an integral component in reciprocal teaching, because students learn to consciously think about and reflect on their strategy use. Ultimately, all students are trained to employ the same strategies good readers use when monitoring their reading comprehension.
      Classroom Example. The students in Mrs. Carr's 4th grade class finish reading a social studies lesson on the California Gold Rush. She asks students to reflect on how the Fab Four helped them understand the text. Sammy says that summarizing several times throughout the reading helped him remember the main points. Kadeem felt that clarifying using the frame "I didn't get the sentence, so I …" helped him reread to make sure he understood the hardest concepts. Questioning was fun for Sara as she stumped her group members, who were forced to reread and infer to answer her question. Kendra enjoyed scanning the text and studying the pictures and captions before reading to make predictions.

      Cooperative Learning: Discussion Is the Key

      Because reciprocal teaching is intended to be a discussion technique, cooperative learning is an essential part of what makes the technique work. When students engage in purposeful talk with one another, they expand their thinking about a text (Fisher & Frey, 2008), and cooperative learning serves as a way for students to deepen their reading comprehension, especially in content-area texts (Armbruster et al., 2001). Cooperative learning also provides opportunities for struggling readers and ELLs to participate in discussions, even when the text may be above their reading level. This instructional foundation may include "turn and talk" opportunities with partners, triads, and table groups. Although in this book I show how to make quick-write tools, such as sticky notes or a four door foldable (which students use to record their ideas for each of the strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing), keep in mind that the positive research results were achieved with reciprocal teaching as an oral discussion technique—not with lengthy writing assignments. If you wish to achieve positive growth in your students' comprehension, it's imperative to provide time for cooperative discussions using reciprocal teaching. Keep the writing to a minimum with the purpose of prompting discussions.
      The cooperative nature of reciprocal teaching is an important part of the scaffolded instruction, think-alouds, and metacognition inherent to the approach. Even when I teach whole-class lessons, I incorporate quick activities that require students to turn to a partner and engage in more cooperative learning practices, which occurs when students and teachers think aloud and give voice to their metacognition. According to Kagan (1989), cooperative learning needs to encompass positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction. When students participate in reciprocal teaching lessons, they are held accountable for their role and have ample opportunities to participate.
      If the class is reading a social studies text, I may model a summary of a portion of it and ask partners to work together to create a summary for the next section. When reading a novel as a class, groups of students may be assigned a strategy to report on to the class. Even during guided reading group sessions, I might have pairs ask each other their questions after reading. Cooperative learning is, of course, already in place during literature circles when students work together to construct a recording sheet that includes their group members' collaborative efforts for predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing.
      Classroom Example. After each two-page spread of the 6th grade science text, Mrs. Fox pauses to model the use of the Fab Four. She selects one of the four strategies to model with a think-aloud and then asks students to turn and talk to partners as they work their way through a verbal summary, quiz questions, and words and ideas to clarify. They also take a quick look to predict what the next pages will cover. Mrs. Fox circulates around the room to assist and prompt each group as students work cooperatively. Each student records a question, a word to clarify, a prediction, and a one-sentence summary on a four door chart
      ________________________________________________________

      Information/Reminders
      ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

      • Certified Staff:  This email was sent this past week from Connie Zinnen about life time licenses... just wanted to make sure everyone saw this... 
        • Earlier this fall certified staff were made aware of the new lifetime license provision.  At that time, DPI was still in the process of determining all of the logistics of the conversion of licenses and the federal guidelines, which included a background check every five years.  The details have now been worked out and some of you may have already received your e-mail from DPI indicating the need to apply for the background check.  The e-mail will look similar to what is included below.
        • If you have received the e-mail, you will need to comply with the timeline provided to you.  If you did not receive an e-mail then you are not required to complete a background check at this time and will receive the e-mail when your renewal date approaches.  
        • Hope this helps to provide clarification for those of you who have received this notification.
          • Wis. Admin Code s. PI 34.041 (4) requires educators who hold a valid Lifetime license to submit a request to the department to have a new background check conducted once every five years. The request shall be made between January 1 and June 30 of the fifth year since the individual's last background check.  The most recent background check that DPI has on file for you is:  _________. You are due to submit a background check to DPI in order to maintain your Lifetime license.  You must submit this background check to DPI by June 30, 2019, to maintain your Lifetime license.  
          • The Request Background Check - Lifetime Licensee [5900] application will be available January 2, 2019.  Follow the Application Directions for Background Check to Maintain Lifetime License to submit your background check.  
      • Upcoming iReady Training - January 30.
        • We were not able to pick our training date due to the trainers schedule... the training is set for January 30. We will start the training after the morning assembly with 8th grade having the training first in the morning and then 7th will be in the afternoon.
        • I do not have the exact time we will be switching for the training but will work on getting that determined this week.
        • The following people will be paired up to share a sub for the day. The FIRST person listed below please enter your sub request in the employee portal and ReadySub ASAP to ensure we have subs for everyone - please request a full day sub noting in the notes that they will be your partner teacher in the afternoon:
          • Sturdevant/Hancock
          • S. Rummler/Botsford
          • Geyso/Murphy
          • Jones/Tenhagen
          • Weis/Berezowitz
          • Schmidt/Ferstenou
          • K. Rummler/Smith
          • Stoughton/Jorgenson
          • Riggs/Varnes (Riggs.. we will have you attend with 7th in the morning)
          • Fulton/Thate
          • Ebbers/Zeman
          • Newholm/Bekken
      This Week:
      • Monday, January 14 - iReady ELA Diagnostic week.  
        • Please be cognizant that testing is taking place this week within our ELA classes so that we provide a quality testing environment for our students.  
      • This week - AIMSweb testing will also be taking place so you may have some students pulled from ALL or electives in order to get some of their benchmarking done.  
      • Monday, January 14 - The grading window for term 2 is open... closes on January 25 @ 3:30.  
      • Monday, January 14 - BLT Meeting from 2:40 - 3:30.  
        • We have a lot on the agenda!  I sent you all an email about this meeting so if you want more details please look for that email!  
        • I did add an additional BLT meeting for January 28 in order to ensure everything we want and need to talk about we are able to!  I would like to update more on the referendum during the January 28 meeting so please add this to your calendars.  
      • Tuesday, January 15 - Start of new iTime rotation... this rotation is 4 weeks long.  
        • Just a reminder to be on the Fall 2018 tab within iReady to see your group.  
        • All Advisory Teachers:  
          • The advisory list for where to send your students for iTime will be in your mailboxes sometime on Monday.  The goal was this past Friday but some adjustments were still taking place so we held the sheets until Monday.  
          • Here is the Excel Document for the iTime Rotation.  
      • Tuesday, January 15 - Math Meet @ UW Whitewater with Mike Jones and Grace Jorgenson.  
        • Group will be leaving at 7:30 and returning at 2:30.  
        • Mike Jones will be sharing the students who are attending on Monday.
      • Wednesday, January 16 - PLC in the library - we will be focusing on learning more about the "We do it" portion of the GRR Model as a team.  


      Pictures from the week!

      Home wrestling this past week!








      Examples for the need for collaborative space in the 6-8 new construction!

      Even a student down past the doors...