domingo, 31 de enero de 2016

February 1

KARCHER STAFF BLOG

Student's of the week for 
January 25th - January 29th

  • Ameila Crabtree (Silver House)  
    • Amelia goes above and beyond and always has a positive attitude.
  • Paige Tello (Diamond) 
    • Paige does a great job following the "The Karcher Way". She is always kind to others, works hard in school, and is very responsible about turning in her homework. 
  • Colton Booth (Onxy) 
    • Colton is an extremely motivated young man. He always turns his work in on time, is a great independent learner, and is participating more in his classes. Keep up the great work Colton!
  • Jennifer Flores (Karcher Bucks) 
    • Jennifer is kind and always willing to lend a helping hand to her classmates.
  • Kaden Blohm (Hive) 
    • Kaden has shown improved responsibility towards his work and his dedication to the classroom - Great job!
  • Ayesha Abbassi (Elective)  - Not pictured
    • Ayesha is always willing to help and eagerly volunteers her time to assist with things in the classroom.
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Kudos
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  • Jack Schmidt was chosen as the KCB STAFF OF THE WEEK!  Congrats Jack and thank you all for continuing to reinforce our 8 character traits. 
  • Congrats again to the following Karcher staff members who were recognized for their years of service to BASD:
    • Kurt Rummler - 25 years
    • Steve Berezowitz - 20 years
    • Donna Sturdevant - 20 years
    • Kim Moss - 15 years
    • Lori Iverson - 10 years
    • Mike Jones - 10 years
    • Donna Keown - 10 years
    • Dina Weis - 10 years
  • Nice job to our poms team and coach Amanda Thate for their performance at the varsity girls basketball game on Friday night!  Pictures are below.
  • Thank you and nice job to all who assisted with the Basketball/Baseball fundraiser on Saturday night.  What a great turn out and amazing support from the Karcher staff.  Those I saw helping or attending:  Stacy Stoughton, Jenny Geyso, Kris Thompsen, Brad Ferstenou, Kurt Rummler, Mike Jones, Barb Berezowitz, Jack Schmidt, Alyssa Riggs, Kim Moss, Amanda Thate, Marilee Hoffman, Ashley Parr, Donna Sturdevant, Stephanie Rummler, Nick Buendia, Patti Tenhagen, and of course Steve Berezowitz.  I apologize if I missed anyone!
    • Great performance to Rod Stoughton, Nick Buendia and the rest of the Orange Crush Band!
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Reminders
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  • Starting February 1st we will begin the process of scheduling for the 2016-2017 school year.  
    • On February 1st Eric Burling will come over to present to 8th grade during advisory time as an entire class in the auditorium.   We will announce by house when to come to the auditorium.  
    • I will present to 7th grade in the library by house.
      • Diamond House on February 1st during advisory.
      • Onyx House on February 2nd during advisory.
      • We will announce when to come to the library.
    • Matt will be presenting to 6th grade.  
    • Our goal is to have every student's applied academic requests by February 5th and academic courses by February 19th. 
    • ***** If your advisory students are not in a scheduling meeting on either February 1st or 2nd please utilize that time for students to upload documents for their student led conference portfolios and/or look over the course catalog for the 2016-2017 course selections.
  • Student Led Conferences...
    • On February 2nd and 4th from 2:40 - 3:30 those willing and/or able to assist with how student led conferences will look this year we would appreciate your insight as we add in some time for parents to meet with the teachers along with the student led conferences.  So, if you are able we will be meeting regarding student led conferences in the library on the 2nd and 4th.  All are welcome! 
  • PLC Wednesday - This wednesday's PLC will be in the library with 5 minutes for advisory teams to communicate your February 15th plans and then the rest of the time we will be looking at our winter MAP data - please meet in the library.
  • Strings Winter Concert - February 4th @ 7:30pm @ BHS auditorium.
  • February 8th - 8th grade HS Open House - 5:30-7:25.  
  • February 9th - Student Council Culver's Night - 5:00 to 8:00.  Have dinner at Culvers and 10% of all proceeds will go to support all activities at Karcher.  
  • Starting February 15th we will be changing how iTime is utilized.  Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday will be used for:  English, Math, SSR, compass, and literacy activities.  
    • We will be using this semester to figure out what works best for the 2016-2017 school year while assisting our students with intervention/enrichment they need.
    • There are FIVE weeks to schedule within your house/grade level prior to spring break.  
  • February 12th - Half Day in-service.  
    • Time for scheduling and your Mid-Year SLO
  • Please look at the Google Calendar as iTime activities have been adjusted/changed to reflect the changes.
  • Looking ahead... Student led conferences will be on March 14 & 22 from 4:00 - 8:00pm.
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Pictures from the week
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7th grade girls basketball team being recognized at half time of the varsity girls basketball game - congrats!
 8th grade girls basketball team being recognized at half time of the varsity girls basketball game - congrats!
 Our poms team performing for the varsity girls basketball half time this past Friday night.  Nice job to all the girls and to coach Amanda Thate!


I forgot to include some of the pictures from FNL... so here they are!  Our students loved the dodgeball tournament!








Last weeks TED Talk:
I wanted to include last weeks TED Talk again in case you did not watch it last week - powerful message that everyone should watch!


The Danger of a Single Story

This weeks article of the week - 


Going One-to-One, 2.0

Mark Warschauer and Tamara Tate
A decade of experience and research offers some important lessons about what makes one-to-one programs work.
Almost a decade ago, one of us (Mark) wrote an article in Educational Leadership titled "Going One-to-One."1  At the time, early adopters in their school districts were beginning to experiment with one-to-one laptop programs, but the potential benefits of these ambitious efforts were speculative. What have we learned since then?

What Does Research Say?

One-to-one laptop or tablet initiatives have become more widespread, and research has begun to find evidence of benefits. A synthesis of 57 studies of one-to-one laptop programs from 2001 to 2013 found that these programs moderately improved math, science, reading, writing, and language arts test scores, with the strongest results for writing and mathematics (Zheng & Warschauer, 2013). In some cases, improvement started slowly as teachers and students learned to integrate the unfamiliar devices into the curriculum.

Various studies have documented specific benefits of one-to-one programs. Research suggests that students in such programs write better and revise more (Russell, Bebell, & Higgins, 2004); write in a wider variety of genres for more authentic audiences (Warschauer, 2009); engage in more student-centered and project-based learning (Cavanaugh, Dawson, & Ritzhaupt, 2011; Corn, Tagsold, & Patel, 2012); and experience more individualized learning (Zheng & Warschauer, 2013). Even relationships between teachers and students, and between home and school, improve (Lei & Zhao, 2008).
So what's the bad news? The digital devices are not always used, let alone used effectively to support high-quality curriculum and pedagogy. Some initiatives focus on the technology instead of the content (see "Advice from the Trenches,"). One-to-one initiatives that are implemented without careful thought can be a distraction and a waste of valuable money, time, and energy—all of which are at a premium in K–12 education today.
Here, we draw from research done by others—as well as our own case-study research on one-to-one programs with laptops, netbooks, tablets, and handheld devices from 2003 to 2010—to consider how schools can increase the odds that a one-to-one program is not an expensive add-on, but an integral part of the curriculum.

Which Device Should We Choose?

Laptops—and especially their low-cost variant, the Chromebook—are an excellent option for districts that plan to use their devices for writing, research, and online activity. Chromebooks access web-based applications and storage rather than locally installed applications. This is a disadvantage for districts that rely on Windows- or Mac-based software. However, much instructional software can readily be replaced by online materials for teaching and learning math, science, social studies, and language arts—and productivity software such as Microsoft Office is easily replaced by cloud-based options such as Google Apps for Education. In addition to the Chromebooks' initial low cost, they also require less updating of individual devices and allow improved sharing of devices because any device can log onto each user's specific web-based applications.
iPads are also a popular option because of their light weight, high-resolution touch screens, orientational flexibility, multitude of apps, and capacity for taking pictures and videos. iPads are not as good for writing as laptops, but they are better for reading and interacting with texts. Because of their advantages for reading, iPads make the most sense for districts that are ready to move to a completely digital curriculum—for example, by eliminating textbooks. Beyond that, the intuitive touch-screen interface of iPads makes them an excellent choice for younger students and those with special needs.
Bring Your Own Device, or BYOD, is the least expensive option, but it's also the least reliable, and it requires the most teacher flexibility and troubleshooting ability. In addition, some provision must be made for students who are unable to bring a device to school. BYOD probably works best in districts where most parents have the means to provide devices and where students and teachers are tech-savvy.
Districts should choose devices to correspond with curricular goals. Whatever device they choose, districts will want to start their programs small—in a few schools or a single grade level—and then build up from there, drawing on input from teachers, students, parents, and support staff about the lessons they've learned.

How to Leverage Learning

In the best schools today, digital devices are not used for short-term novelty, but rather to extend and amplify strong pedagogy and curriculum. A decade of research in K–12 schools suggests that one-to-one programs are most valuable when they focus on four key areas—contentcompositionconstruction, and community (Warschauer, 2011).

Content

One-to-one programs can significantly enhance the quality and depth of content available to teachers and students. Students who have access to digital devices can engage in what researchers call just-in-time learning—obtaining information right when it's needed. Authentic questions come up throughout the school day, perhaps sparked by students' personal experiences or by recent events. Digital devices can enable students to immediately find the answers. In addition, students can directly analyze real data, perhaps by looking at information online about their own communities or gathering data from digital probes and microscopes related to temperature, voltage, light, force, motion, and chemical structure.
For example, a class may be learning about the continent of Africa, and students may ask about a recent conflict that has been in the news. The teacher can pull up appropriate articles or show on Google Maps where the conflict is occurring. A student fascinated by a recent red tide at the local beach can research the causes of red tide, read about local and worldwide efforts to deal with ocean pollution, and even e-mail or video chat with scientists.
Teachers can use digital devices to promote learning that is individualized (according to learning pace); differentiated (according to learning preferences); and personalized (according to learners' specific interests).
  • Individualized. Having access to his or her own device—for example, using a tutorial program in math or reading—can enable each student to move as quickly or slowly as needed.
  • Differentiated. Teachers can provide support materials in multiple modalities, such as written text, video explanations, and games that explore concepts, and also give students flexibility in their own content creation. Students can interpret a poem by composing music to it, or analyze a book by photographing scenes that illustrate its contents.
  • Personalized. Access to online resources enables students to find and use specialized information in areas that catch their interest, no matter how unusual or specific those areas are. For example, when studying the Roman Empire, different students might conduct research projects on areas as diverse as Roman architecture, the rise of Christianity, the life of Hannibal, or the Stoic philosophers.

Composition

Learning how to compose and edit on digital devices can increase students' communication, language, and critical-analysis skills—all of which are important requirements for today's workforce. And because most writing in college and the workforce is now done on computers, it makes sense for students to practice writing in this mode.
One-to-one programs make it easier to harness social media to support written composition. Online environments provide an opportunity for writing in diverse genres, to diverse audiences, on interest-driven topics, without geographic constraints. Online writing communities can support student writers by offering substantive feedback, along with an authentic audience (Ito et al., 2008). For example, the Young Writers Project provides a medium for students to share their poetry, fiction, and non-fiction on a variety of contemporary topics with other students and to participate in writing challenges refereed by experts.

Construction

In the age of digital media, written texts are not the only important medium of communication. Rather, digital devices can be used to create a wide range of finished products, enabling students to interpret ideas and content and communicate their analysis across different modalities (Warschauer, 2006).
For example, students in a literature class can interpret the mood of an essay or play by creating an image to accompany it. They can advertise a novel that they've read by creating a trailer for a film based on the book, a task that requires them to synthesize the novel's themes. Or they can interpret a Shakespeare play through an online newspaper, with events, sports, business, and comics sections all interpreting or commenting on material from the play.
Multimedia projects also support analysis and communication skills, such as persuasion. For example, middle school students can find and critique advertisements for unhealthy products and develop their own multimedia posters that include examples of those advertisements and counterbalance them with factual information. Students can also produce their own persuasive presentations—for example, explaining why a particular city (or planet) is a good candidate to host the Olympics.

Community

Digital media—online discussion forums, social networking sites, bookmarking sites, annotation tools, blogs, and wikis—can bring students together with one another, with peers in other classes and schools, and with adult mentors.
One-to-one devices provide abundant opportunities for students to connect with mentors or specialists. These connections are sometimes one-time interactions—for example, students in California using tablet computers and Skype to talk with a U.S. soldier in the Middle East and get a firsthand account of his experiences. At other times, the connections may be long-term, formal mentoring relations. For example, a popular book author might agree to comment on the short stories that students post on their class blog.
Youth can also connect with peers outside their own geographic community around areas of interest. For example, in the 524 Project, students in Washington, D.C., and Detroit, Michigan, filmed themselves performing poems and scenes and then came together in real time each week for a short "live exchange" in which they watched one another's performances and learned more about one another's worlds. Global connections also provide powerful learning experiences because they require learners to take a fresh look at their own culture when attempting to explain it to people in other cultures.

Putting It All Together

The one-to-one program at King Middle School in Portland, Maine, exemplifies how such programs can promote deep content, composition, construction, and community (Warschauer, 2006, 2011). King—which serves the most ethnically, linguistically, and economically diverse population of any school in Maine—has reorganized instruction around the Expeditionary Learning model. Supported by their individual access to laptop computers, students carry out most of their academic work through 8-week to 12-week, interdisciplinary, collaborative research projects called learning expeditions.2 
Learning expeditions require students to do original research and create high-quality products for audiences beyond the classroom. The approach seeks to develop students' critical-thinking and problem-solving skills to prepare them for success in college and beyond. The school also emphasizes building strong adult-student relationships and positive character. Learning exhibitions give students the opportunity to try on different professional roles and work closely with adult mentors, both in person and online.
Students in an expedition create a comprehensive final product that requires each learner to demonstrate the targeted knowledge and skills. All student writing done for the final product goes through an extensive review process, including self-editing, peer editing, teacher editing, and multiple revisions; this process gives low-performing students numerous opportunities to improve their work and teaches all students the often-neglected process of iterative editing. The final product is multitiered so that students who need extra support to produce their required portion can receive it while more advanced students take on additional research, editing, or production responsibilities.
Extensive use of technology for research, writing, and multimedia production—especially individual student laptops and online resources, but also digital cameras, camcorders, and a small number of desktop computers equipped with specialized software—helps ensure that students develop technological skills to complement their academic ones. Finally, culminating presentations enable students to showcase their work to family members and the community.
In one recent exhibition, students interviewed Maine residents who had been active in the civil rights movement, conducted research from primary documents of the era, and collectively wrote a 200-page book titled Small Acts of Courage. A video describing this expedition and showing the moving culminating event is available at https://vimeo.com/48803088.
In another recent exhibition, King partnered with university biologists to help students collect soil samples from local farms and analyze the bacteria they contained. Working with community graphic artists, each student produced a pamphlet about a particular bacterium.
In a third expedition, called Creating Currents, students investigated ways to reduce their carbon footprint. They conducted energy audits by collecting and analyzing data. They also investigated alternative energy production and public policy decisions involving alternative energy; and they collaborated with experts in the areas of conservation, building products, design, and alternative energy to create a green building design. The expedition culminated with a competition in which students built electricity-generating wind turbines.

Increasing the Odds of Success

Digital technology in education is here to stay. It's no longer a question of whether to allow digital devices, but rather which devices—and more important, how to implement them. As more schools adopt one-to-one programs, we can increase the odds of successful implementation by focusing on content, construction, composition, and community. No matter what we do, our 21st century learners are bound to teach all of us a thing or two over the next decade.


Calendar for February & March:


domingo, 24 de enero de 2016

January 25th

KARCHER STAFF BLOG

Student's of the week for 
January 11th - January 15th
  • Joey Berezowitz (Diamond)
    • Joey is kind and compassionate to other students.  He is respectful to his peers and teachers.  He works hard and has a positive attitude.  
  • Tristian Post (Applied Academic)
    • Tristian follows "The Karcher Way" on a daily basis by setting a good example of kindness to other students and respect towards his teachers.
  • Amelia Anderson (Onyx)
    • Amelia is a wonderful example of a student who consistently follows and lives by "The Karcher Way".  Thank you Amelia for always having a smile on your face, being willing to help others, and for taking pride in all that you do.  Keep up the good work!
  • Trinity Northrup (Silver)
    • Trinity is responsible and leads by example.  She always is showing a positive attitude.
  • Claire Walby (Karcher Bucks)
    • Claire is such a caring and kind person.  She is very respectful to her peers and her teachers and continuously shows compassion throughout the school day.
  • Megan Vankoningsveld (Hive)
    • Megan's perseverance and effort in the classroom has been extraordinary.  She continues to lead by example in our school.  

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Kudos
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  • Jean Fifer was chosen as the KCB STAFF OF THE WEEK!  Congrats Jean and thank you all for continuing to reinforce our 8 character traits. 
  • A shout out to Stephanie Rummler and Jacob Malewicki for putting together the Character Assemblies for our 7th and 8th grade students!  Great job and what a great assembly and great job working through this for the first time.  Nice job!  
  • Thank you to ALL of our staff who presented awards to our students at the Character Assemblies.  It was truly a great morning for all of our students and a great reminder to us all about why going into the field of education is the best career path there is... nice job everyone!
  • Thank you Marian Hancock for all of your help and patience throughout MAP Testing... we all appreciate all the work you put into the schedule, makeups, and assisting our staff.  
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Reminders
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  • Literacy Lesson:  Questioning.
    • Everyone will be utilizing the reading the literacy team provided on Monday and then the questions on Tuesday.  You are welcome to use the inside/outside circle activity as a means to have the students work through the questions.  
  • Flexisched has been reset for January 28/29 and February 4/5.
  • January 26th is the end of the quarter.  
  • January 27th is an all day in-service and an 8-4 work day.  
    • The morning will start at BHS in the auditorium for the longevity awards from 8:00 to 9:00. 
    • We will then be back at Karcher from 9:00 to 11:30 as building level in-service.
      • 9:00 - 10:00 Library - Scheduling, Literacy, MAP Data 
      • 10:00 - 11:30 Standards/Common Assessments
    • 11:30 to 12:30 for lunch.
    • 12:30 - 4:00 is for grading and classroom work time to finish up semester 1 and get ready for semester 2.
    • 12:30 - 1:00 - Google Classroom with Molly Ebbers in the library.  Staff interested in learning more about Google Classroom can meet Molly in the library at 12:30.  
  • Starting February 1st we will begin the process of scheduling for the 2016-2017 school year.  
    • On February 1st Eric Burling will come over to present to 8th grade during advisory time as an entire class in the auditorium.   
    • I will present to 7th grade in the library by house.
      • Diamond House on February 1st during advisory.
      • Onyx House on February 2nd during advisory.
    • Matt will be presenting to 6th grade.  
    • Our goal is to have every student's applied academic requests and academic courses by February 19th. 
    • ***** If your advisory students are not in a scheduling meeting on either February 1st or 2nd please utilize that time for students to upload documents for their student led conference portfolios and/or look over the course catalog for the 2016-2017 course selections.
  • Student Led Conferences...
    • On February 2nd and 4th from 2:40 - 3:30 those willing and/or able to assist with how student led conferences will look this year we would appreciate your insight as we add in some time for parents to meet with the teachers along with the student led conferences.  So, if you are able we will be meeting regarding student led conferences in the library on the 2nd and 4th.  All are welcome! 
  • Strings Winter Concert - February 4th @ 7:30pm @ BHS auditorium.
  • February 9th - Student Council Culver's Night - 5:00 to 8:00.  Have dinner at Culvers and 10% of all proceeds will go to support all activities at Karcher.  
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Pictures from the week
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Students in Ms. Berezowitz's class dissecting worms.

8th grade students in Ms. Amundson's class working in small groups to identify the parts of a cow eye to better understand how light refracts through the eye.




Academic Bowl students...

8th grade Character Assembly recognition.  

7th grade Character Assembly recognition.

Matt and I looking like fools on stage to assist with the importance of communication at the Character Assemblies.


TED Talk for the week:  This TED Talk really makes you reflect on the importance of thinking about how we present information to our students, our children, and those we come in contact with.  The TED Talk is 19 minutes long but worth watching and listening.  I hope it leaves an impact as it has for me...

The Danger of a Single Story


Calendar for January & February:




domingo, 17 de enero de 2016

January 18th

KARCHER STAFF BLOG

Student's of the week for 
January 11th - January 15th
  • Mason McIntrye (Hive) - Mason was extremely responsible and kind at Outdoor Education as he often helped clan mates and assisted in clean up on his own accord.
  • Hannah Viol (Onyx) - Hannah displays many attributes of "The Karcher Way" on a consistent basis.  She displays kindness and compassion towards others and consistently makes her school work a priority and puts 100% effort into it.
  • Hannah McMartin (Diamond) - Hannah is a quiet leader in her classes.  She leads by example and works very hard.
  • Robyn Shuemate (Applied Academics) - Robyn is a true example of "The Karcher Way"!  She works hard and is always considerate of others.  She always leads by example!
  • Payton Kretschmer (Silver) - Payton is our student of the week for shooting character in the way she carries herself and how she interacts with everyone!
  • Frankie Giaimo (Karcher Bucks) - Frankie truly cares about his classmates and will assist with ensuring they understand the content.  He really cares about his academic progress as well!
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Kudos
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  • Brad Ferstenou was chosen as the KCB STAFF OF THE WEEK!  Congrats Brad and thank you all for continuing to reinforce our 8 character traits. 
  • THANK YOU to Mike Jones, Donna Sturdevant, Jenny Geyso, Jake Malewicki, Lori Iverson, Alyssa Riggs, Kaylyn Waki, Amanda Thate, Bobbi Smith, Crysta Hernandez, Rod Stoughton, Katherine Botsford, Matt Behringer, and Erika Fons for helping with FNL.  It was a great turn-out and the students enjoyed all the choices and the dodge ball tournament - next time we play we can't lose! 
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Reminders
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  • January 18th - BLT Meeting
  • January 20th is a KCB day... students can wear a hat all day to school by using 2 KCBs.  Matt will send out more details for the systemic end of things to you prior to January 20th.
  • January 21st is the final Thursday school day for the semester... encourage students to attend.  
    • There will be no Thursday school on January 28th.
  • January 21st will be the 7th grade Character Assembly during extended advisory.
    • Bell Schedule for both the 21st and 22nd is at the bottom of this blog after the monthly calendars.
  • January 22nd will be the 8th grade Character Assembly.
    • *** Both assembly days the opposite grade level will be in a study hall to assist with the end of the semester needs.  All applied academic teachers will be attending both assemblies so make arrangements to have your advisory covered.  
    • Teachers - remember to check the Google document and then fill out your two Character student awards.  Extra copies are with Jane in the main office.
  • January 26th is the end of the quarter.  
  • January 27th is an all day in-service and an 8-4 work day.  
    • The morning will start at BHS in the auditorium for the longevity awards from 8:00 to 9:00. 
    • We will then be back at Karcher from 9:00 to 11:30 as building level in-service - starting in the library.
      • Scheduling
      • Literacy 
      • Standards/Common Assessments
    • 11:30 to 12:30 for lunch.
    • 2:30 - 4:00 is for grading and classroom work time to finish up semester 1 and get ready for semester 2.
  • Starting February 1st we will begin the process of scheduling for the 2016-2017 school year.  
    • On February 1st Eric Burling will come over to present to 8th grade, I will present to 7th grade, and Matt will be presenting to 6th grade.  
    • Our goal is to have every student's requests and specific needed courses by February 19th. 
  • Student Led Conferences...
    • On February 2nd and 4th from 2:40 - 3:30 those willing and/or able to assist with how student led conferences will look this year we would appreciate your insight as we add in some time for parents to meet with the teachers along with the student led conferences.  So, if you are able we will be meeting regarding student led conferences in the library on the 2nd and 4th.  All are welcome! 
______________________________________________________________________________
Pictures from the week
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7th grade students dissecting owl pellets in Ms. Berezowitz's and Ms. Hancock's science classes.



Wrestling... having a great season!



Pictures I forgot to post from ODE or from our 8th grade students who stayed back at Karcher.














Article of the week:  Continuation from the last few weeks... 

Chapter 1. Learning, or Not Learning, in School

Better Learning Through Structured Teaching: A Framework for the Gradual Release of Responsibility, 2nd Edition

by Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey

When the Importance of Gradual Release Became Real for Us

The gradual release of responsibility instructional framework has been around for decades, and we have long used it with both the education students in our preservice classes and our public school students. But we can remember very specifically when we fully grasped its importance. The two of us were in Las Vegas at a conference. We were staying at the Venetian Hotel, a very nice place to stay. Doug had a cell phone on his hip, the old kind of cell phone that did one thing only—it made phone calls.
While we were walking through the lobby, Doug's phone rang. As he tried to answer it, it fell from his hip into the Venetian's lagoon, and down the drain it went. Given that Doug couldn't imagine a weekend without a cell phone (even one that couldn't do anything fancy), we took a taxi to the local Sprint store. Doug's plan was to exercise his insurance policy and get a free replacement phone.
The salesperson at the Sprint store saw the situation differently. Wanting to make a new sale, he directed Doug away from the "old school" phones and toward the new, high-tech models. "You need a phone that is more intuitive," he told Doug. "One that has e-mail, an address book, a calendar program, and that can search the Web." Doug assured him that no, he did not need any of these things. The sales guy—we'll call him Steve—was very persistent and noted that the newer phones also sent text messages. Doug had never sent a text message in his life, nor had the need ever arisen. But Steve was skilled. He said, "You know, the young people all send text messages. It's the new way of communicating." Doug wants to be a young person, so out came his credit card. Within minutes, he was the proud owner of a Treo 650. As Doug watched, Steve the salesperson demonstrated the phone's various fancy features. Doug felt pretty proud of his high-tech purchase.
About an hour later, back at the hotel, the new phone rang. There it sat, buzzing away, but Doug didn't know how to answer it. It didn't flip open like his old phone had, and there wasn't any obvious button labeled "Answer." Frustrated, we both got back in the taxi and returned to the Sprint store.
Of course, Doug couldn't bear to tell Steve the sales guy (who seemed to be about 12 years old) that he didn't know how to work the phone. He just held it up and said, "I think it's broken." Steve immediately took it out of Doug's hand and started working the phone.
Doug was suddenly struck by a wave of guilt. Turning to Nancy, he said, "How many times have I modeled comprehension for my students only to take back the task when they had difficulty?" What Steve the sales guy did, and what Doug recognized as something he was prone to doing himself, is a violation of the gradual release of responsibility instructional framework. When learners experience difficulty and confusion, they need guided instruction, not more modeling. Frustrated learners already know that their teachers can complete the tasks; they've seen their teachers do so several times over. What a frustrated learner needs is direction and practice, with scaffolding in place to ensure success.
Back at the store, Doug turned to Steve and said, "I really don't need another model. I need some guided instruction. Can I hold the phone while you talk me through the operation?" Steve was a little puzzled, but he obliged. He guided, prompted, questioned, and cued Doug on how to use the phone. (Nancy got so caught up in the experience that she decided, on the spot, to buy a new Treo 650 as well.)
Of course the combination of focused instruction and one guided instructional event did not ensure that either of us could use our new technology independently. What we needed now was the opportunity to practice without the teacher (in this case, Steve) providing cues. As Doug said to Nancy, "I'm too embarrassed to ask him how to do it again. We'll have to figure it out." Well, figure it out we did, slowly and over time. That night at dinner at the Capitol Grill, we sat across the table from one another sending text messages. We collaborated, problem solving as we went.
Over several weeks, with much practice and peer support, we both incorporated this new technology into our lives. And the process helped us grasp, definitively, that everything we know how to do well, we learned through this process of modeling, guided practice, collaborative learning, and independent application. The gradual release of responsibility instructional framework became real to us then, and we've both used and advocated for it ever since.

Conclusion

Structured teaching requires that teachers know their students and content well, that they regularly assess students' understanding of the content, and that they purposefully plan interrelated lessons that transfer responsibility from the teacher to the student. The theory that guides this type of teaching, the gradual release of responsibility, can also be conceptualized as shown in Figure 1.5, which highlights the framework's recursive structure and the ways in which teachers might vary its four instructional phases to optimize learning.

Figure 1.5. Gradually Releasing Responsibility for Learning from Teacher to Student





Calendar for January and February: